Problem 1: Invent Yourself
“Create a non-invasive device that determines the direction of fluid flow inside an opaque pipe. Optimise your device so that you can measure the smallest flow possible.”
- N. Li, K. Xu, and S. Li, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2018, (2018).
I. Phenomenon Demonstration
II. Books, Encyclopedia, Discussion and Forum Posts
- Wikipedia: Flow Measurement, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement
- Wikipedia: Ultrasonic Flow Meter, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrasonic_flow_meter
- What Is an Ultrasonic Flow Meter and How to Use One? https://www.omega.ca/en/resources/ultrasonic-flow-meters
- How an Ultrasonic Flow Meter Works https://www.sierrainstruments.com/blog/?ultrasonic-flow-meter-works
- The Ultrasonic Flow Measuring Principle by Endress+Hauser https://youtu.be/Bx2RnrfLkQg
- Doppler vs Transit Time – Let’s talk Ultrasonic Flow Meters by OMEGA Engineering https://youtu.be/NQWNYARWmB8
- Ultrasonic flow measurement principle by Siemens https://youtu.be/DD2bBLu6kLM
- Ultrasonic Flow Sensor by CeramTec – The Ceramic Experts https://youtu.be/_6CQVN3KYz8
- Ultrasonic Acoustic Sensing Brown University http://cs.brown.edu/people/tdean/courses/cs148/02/sonar.html
- How Does An Ultrasonic Flow Meter Work? https://www.openchannelflow.com/blog/how-does-an-ultrasonic-flow-meter-work
- Clamp-on type ultrasonic flow meter and a temperature and pressure compensation method therein https://patents.google.com/patent/US5856622A/en
- Ultrasonic flow metering with laminar to turbulent transition flow control https://patents.google.com/patent/US10012521B2/en
- Beam shaping acoustic signal travel time flow meter https://patents.google.com/patent/US10036763B2/en
III. Research Papers
- Jha, D. K., Ray, A., Mukherjee, K., and Chakraborty, S. (November 7, 2012). “Classification of Two-Phase Flow Patterns by Ultrasonic Sensing.” ASME. J. Dyn. Sys., Meas., Control. March 2013; 135(2): 024503. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4007555
- V. K. Chillara, B. T. Sturtevant, C. Pantea, and D. N. Sinha, in AIP Conference Proceedings (AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017).
- A. Shiozaki, S. Senda, A. Kitabatake, M. Inoue, and H. Matsuo, Ultrasonics 17, 269 (1979).
- R. A. Rahim, M. H. F. Rahiman, K. S. Chan, and S. W. Nawawi, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 135, 337 (2007).
- N. Munasinghe and G. Paul, IEEE Sensors Journal 20, 6083 (2020).
- L. C. Lynnworth and Y. Liu, Ultrasonics 44, e1371 (2006).
- Nontraumatic aortic blood flow sensing by use of an ultrasonic esophageal probe R. E. Daigle, C. W. Miller, M. B. Histand, F. D. McLeod, and D. E. Hokanson Journal of Applied Physiology 1975 38:6, 1153-1160
- N. Li, K. Xu, and S. Li, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2018, (2018).